La Habra High School
Science Department

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Science Standards - Chemistry

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

• describe the difference in a family and a period.
• relate the oxidation number to the family.
• describe protons, neutrons and electrons.
• define isotope.
• indicate periodic trends of the following: ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity, atomic & ionic volume, density, boiling & melting points.
• identify alkali metals & alkaline earth metals.
• identify halogens and transition elements.
• identify noble gases and transuranium elements.
• identify the lanthanide and actinide series.
• identify number of valence electrons in any atom.
• understand the concept of gas discharge tube.
• describe Thomson's charge to mass ratio.
• describe the Rutherford gold foil experiment & atom.
• describe the Millikan oil drop experiment.
• distinguish among continuous, bright-line, and absorption spectra.
• identify s, p, d and f orbitals.
• understand the four quantum numbers.
• understand the Heisenberg Uncertainty and the Pauli Exclusion principles.
• understand E=h v.
• understand Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect.

NUCLEAR PROCESSES

• define radioactivity.
• define isotope.
• identify the three types of radioactive decay.
• compare the penetration and ionization capabilities of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
• understand the concept of half-life.
• distinguish between fusion and fission reactions.
• understand the concept of mass defect.

CHEMICAL BONDS

• distinguish among the three types of bonding.
• state the kind of bonding that occurs in nonmetals.
• state the kind of bonding that occurs between metals and nonmetals.
• differentiate between molecular and crystalline compounds.
• draw Lewis dot structures for ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonding.
• understand the VSEPR theory.
• understand the 1.7 Rule.
• know the concept of hydrogen bonding.
• know the concept of Van der Waals forces.

CONSERVATION OF MATTER AND STOICHIOMETRY

• understand the rules of nomenclature.
• balance equations using the conservation of mass principles.
• understand Avogadro's Number.
• define the atomic mass unit.
• calculate the molar mass of a molecule.
• convert between moles, mass, and molecules.
• perform stoichiometric calculations.
• identify redox reactions and determine the oxidizing and reducing agents.
• balance redox reactions using the half-reaction method.
• understand Faraday's Laws.

ACIDS AND BASES

• identify the properties of acids, bases and salt solutions.
• distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases.
• define Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis acids and bases.
• understand the pH scale.
• define pH as – log[H3O+].
• define a buffer system and its importance.

GASSES AND THEIR PROPERTIES

• understand collision theory.
• solve problems using gas laws.
• define temperature.
• define standard temperature and pressure.
• understand the function of a barometer.
• convert between Kelvin and Celsius.
• use the ideal gas law to solve nonstandard gas problems.
• calculate the dry standard volume of a gas collected over water.
• compare the rates of diffusion and effusion of two gases.

ORGANIC & BIOCHEMISTRY

• identify the first ten alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
• identify the aromatic hydrocarbons.
• identify the functional groups which form the basis of alcohols, ketones, ethers, amines, esters, aldehydes, and organic acids.
• identify the skeleton of amino acid.
• identify polypeptides.
• identify the structures of proteins, nucleic acids, starches and lipids.

CHEMICAL EQUILLIBRIUM

• compare static and dynamic equilibrium.
• understand the equilibrium equation.

SOLUTIONS

• define the parts of a solution.
• identify the different types of solutions.
• describe the solution process.
• discuss solubility relative to changes in temperature, pressure, and surface area.
• understand molarity = the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
• calculate the molarity of a solution.
• determine the boiling point and freezing point of a solution.
• describe the separation of mixtures by chromatography and distillation.

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

• understand the flow of heat from higher quality to lower quality.
• distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reactions.
• interpret heating and cooling curves in regard to KE, PE, and phase changes.
• solve calorimetry problems.
• state Hess's Law.
• define entropy.
• understand the concept of free energy.

REACTION RATES

• understand the collision theory.
• utilize the rate law expression.
• understand the effects of temperature, pressure, surface area and concentration on the rate of reaction.
• define activation energy in both endothermic and exothermic reactions.
• define a catalyst.
• understand reaction mechanism and rate determining step.
• understand LeChatelier's Principle.